AN INTRODUCTION TO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS FOR ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS
Bindhu C K
HOD Department of Electronics Engineering, Government Polytechnic College, Palakkad.
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A fiber-optic sensor is one that relays signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals ("extrinsic sensors") or employs optical fiber as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"). In remote sensing, fibers are used extensively. Reflective and thrubeam optical fiber sensors are separated into two groups. A receiver plus a transmitter make up the thrubeam type. There are three forms of the reflecting type, which is a single unit: parallel, coaxial, and separate. The 3 are based on the optical fiber's cross-sectional form. The transmitter and receiver of a fiber-optic sensing system are housed in the same enclosure. The sensor can access locations that are inaccessible to conventional photoelectric sensors thanks to the fiber-optic connection that connects it to the amplifier. The light energy is transmitted, received, and then transformed into an electrical signal by the sensor. Optical sensors translate light beams into electrical signals in order to detect and measure light intensity. The sensor is wired to an electrical trigger that reacts to variations in lighting. Computers and motion detectors are only two examples of the many gadgets that use optical sensors. In order to create fiber optic sensors, researchers integrated optoelectronic devices with fiber optic telecommunications' byproducts. In the past few decades, numerous studies using various research methods and fiber optic sensors have been carried out. The most popular sensor types for fiber optics are those based on intensity, phase, and wavelength. An overview of fiber optic sensors and their uses is provided in this work. Keywords: Fiber optics, optical fiber sensing, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), interferometers, micro bending, smart structures
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